External Differences Between Male and Female Sharks
Male sharks typically have claspers, paired pelvic fin modifications used to transfer sperm. Females lack claspers and often have larger body size in many species. Size differences vary by species and are influenced by reproductive needs.
Internal Reproductive Anatomy
Female sharks have ovaries, oviducts, and a uterus where eggs or pups develop. Males have testes and sperm ducts connected to the claspers. Some species lay eggs, while others give birth to live young.
How Anatomy Affects Shark Reproduction
Male claspers allow internal fertilization, increasing reproductive success. Females may store sperm for months before fertilizing eggs. These anatomical features support diverse strategies, from oviparity to viviparity, across shark species.
Learn more about shark reproductive systems from the Florida Museum's ichthyology resources here.
